Q&A › Rights & responsibilities
🏡 Q&A · 50 questions
Rights & responsibilities
Maintenance, obedience, etiquette, household finances. Arranged by the most frequently asked questions.
🧭 Preparation & choosing a spouse💍 Proposal & engagement📜 The marriage contract🏡 Rights & responsibilities⚖️ Polygyny: rulings & justice🏛️ Polygyny: the law🤝 Existing & prospective wives🕊️ Conflict & resolution🚪 Divorce, ʿiddah & reconciliation🌍 Children, inheritance & global🧭 Regional & Middle East
1What are a wife's rights over her husband in Islam?
A wife is entitled to receive the mahr, maintenance, suitable housing and good treatment from her husband.
The Qur'an commands husbands to live with their wives in kindness (makruf), and affirms that wives have rights balancing their duties. In the Farewell Pilgrimage sermon, the Prophet ﷺ urged fear of Allah in the matter of women, and said that their provision and clothing are the husband's responsibility in a reasonable manner. A wife's rights also include intimate maintenance, not being harmed, having her dignity protected, being taught religion and having her own property respected. He said that the best of people are those best to their wives. Further explanation is on the Rights of husband & wife and Maintenance pages.
The Qur'an commands husbands to live with their wives in kindness (makruf), and affirms that wives have rights balancing their duties. In the Farewell Pilgrimage sermon, the Prophet ﷺ urged fear of Allah in the matter of women, and said that their provision and clothing are the husband's responsibility in a reasonable manner. A wife's rights also include intimate maintenance, not being harmed, having her dignity protected, being taught religion and having her own property respected. He said that the best of people are those best to their wives. Further explanation is on the Rights of husband & wife and Maintenance pages.
Surah an-Nisa' 4:19Surah al-Baqarah 2:228Sahih Muslim 1218Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1162 (hasan sahih)
2What are a husband's rights over his wife?
The husband's main rights are his wife's obedience in what is right (makruf), her guarding herself and her husband's property, and not admitting into the home anyone the husband dislikes.
Allah describes the righteous wife as obedient and guarding herself in her husband's absence. The Prophet ﷺ forbade a wife from fasting voluntarily while her husband is present except with his permission, and from letting anyone into the house without his permission. The wife is also made responsible as guardian of her husband's household. But this obedience is limited to what is right: there is no obedience in sin. The husband's rights come with the responsibility of leadership and maintenance; they are not absolute power. See Rights of husband & wife.
Allah describes the righteous wife as obedient and guarding herself in her husband's absence. The Prophet ﷺ forbade a wife from fasting voluntarily while her husband is present except with his permission, and from letting anyone into the house without his permission. The wife is also made responsible as guardian of her husband's household. But this obedience is limited to what is right: there is no obedience in sin. The husband's rights come with the responsibility of leadership and maintenance; they are not absolute power. See Rights of husband & wife.
Surah an-Nisa' 4:34Sahih al-Bukhari 5195Sahih Muslim 1026Sahih al-Bukhari 893Sahih al-Bukhari 7257
3What do material maintenance and intimate maintenance mean?
Material maintenance is the wife's material needs, while intimate maintenance is the need for affection and marital intimacy.
Material maintenance (nafkah zahir) covers food, clothing, housing and other basic needs according to the husband's means and local custom. Allah says the father must bear the food and clothing of the wife in a reasonable manner. Intimate maintenance (nafkah batin) refers to intimacy, affectionate treatment, attention and time together. The Prophet ﷺ mentioned that a husband's intimacy with his wife also counts as charity. Both are the wife's rights; neglecting either can be an injustice and in certain circumstances can be the basis of a claim at the Syariah Court. See Maintenance and Glossary.
Material maintenance (nafkah zahir) covers food, clothing, housing and other basic needs according to the husband's means and local custom. Allah says the father must bear the food and clothing of the wife in a reasonable manner. Intimate maintenance (nafkah batin) refers to intimacy, affectionate treatment, attention and time together. The Prophet ﷺ mentioned that a husband's intimacy with his wife also counts as charity. Both are the wife's rights; neglecting either can be an injustice and in certain circumstances can be the basis of a claim at the Syariah Court. See Maintenance and Glossary.
Surah al-Baqarah 2:233Sahih Muslim 1006Sahih Muslim 1218
4How much maintenance must a husband give his wife?
There is no fixed figure in the texts; maintenance is measured by the husband's means and the wife's reasonable needs.
Allah says that the one with ample means should spend according to his means, and the one whose provision is restricted should spend from what Allah has given him. This means a high-earning husband should not give at a minimum level, and a struggling husband is not burdened beyond his capacity. If there is a dispute, the Syariah Court will assess the husband's income, the wife's needs and the local cost of living before setting an amount. Use our calculator as an initial guide only, and refer to Maintenance to plan the family budget.
Allah says that the one with ample means should spend according to his means, and the one whose provision is restricted should spend from what Allah has given him. This means a high-earning husband should not give at a minimum level, and a struggling husband is not burdened beyond his capacity. If there is a dispute, the Syariah Court will assess the husband's income, the wife's needs and the local cost of living before setting an amount. Use our calculator as an initial guide only, and refer to Maintenance to plan the family budget.
Difference between schools. The Shafi'i school classically sets the amount of food according to the husband's status (rich, middling, poor), whereas the Hanafis, Malikis and Hanbalis measure it by the wife's sufficiency (kifayah) according to custom.
Surah at-Talaq 65:7Surah al-Baqarah 2:233Sahih al-Bukhari 5364
5The husband gives no maintenance — what can the wife do?
A wife can claim maintenance through the Syariah Court, and unpaid maintenance remains a debt owed by the husband.
The first step is to discuss it amicably or through counselling at the religious affairs office. If that fails, the wife can file a maintenance claim, including arrears. In the hadith of Hind, the Prophet ﷺ allowed a wife to take from a miserly husband's wealth what is sufficient for herself and her children, reasonably (ma'ruf). Failure to provide maintenance for a certain period can also be grounds for fasakh under state enactments. Refer to Procedure, Counselling and Talaq & divorce.
The first step is to discuss it amicably or through counselling at the religious affairs office. If that fails, the wife can file a maintenance claim, including arrears. In the hadith of Hind, the Prophet ﷺ allowed a wife to take from a miserly husband's wealth what is sufficient for herself and her children, reasonably (ma'ruf). Failure to provide maintenance for a certain period can also be grounds for fasakh under state enactments. Refer to Procedure, Counselling and Talaq & divorce.
Differences between the schools. The majority (Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali) regard unpaid maintenance as a debt even without a court order; the Hanafis originally treat it as a debt only once it has been fixed by a judge or agreed.
Sahih al-Bukhari 5364Sahih Muslim 1714Surah at-Talaq 65:7State Islamic Family Law Enactment
6Whose is a working wife's salary? Must she give it to her husband?
A wife's salary belongs wholly to her, and she is not obliged to hand it to her husband or to fund the household.
Islam recognises women's independent ownership of property: men have a share of what they earn and women have a share of what they earn. Family maintenance remains the husband's obligation even if the wife is wealthier. If the wife contributes willingly, that is charity and kindness with great reward; female Companions such as Zainab, wife of Ibn Mas'ud, gave charity to their husbands and children. Couples should discuss openly and record large contributions such as house payments. See Rights of husband & wife and Maintenance.
Islam recognises women's independent ownership of property: men have a share of what they earn and women have a share of what they earn. Family maintenance remains the husband's obligation even if the wife is wealthier. If the wife contributes willingly, that is charity and kindness with great reward; female Companions such as Zainab, wife of Ibn Mas'ud, gave charity to their husbands and children. Couples should discuss openly and record large contributions such as house payments. See Rights of husband & wife and Maintenance.
Surah an-Nisa' 4:32Surah an-Nisa' 4:4Narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim (hadith of Zainab, wife of Ibn Mas'ud)
7Must a wife cook and do housework?
According to the Shafi'i school, housework such as cooking and washing is not a Shariah obligation on the wife, but it is a noble deed if done willingly.
The obligation to provide for the home's needs lies on the husband as part of maintenance, including a helper for a wife who was used to being served in her family, according to the husband's means. However, most households run on cooperation and custom. Fatimah RA herself did housework, and the Prophet ﷺ helped with his family's chores. Best is a fair division of tasks reached through discussion. See Rights of husband & wife.
The obligation to provide for the home's needs lies on the husband as part of maintenance, including a helper for a wife who was used to being served in her family, according to the husband's means. However, most households run on cooperation and custom. Fatimah RA herself did housework, and the Prophet ﷺ helped with his family's chores. Best is a fair division of tasks reached through discussion. See Rights of husband & wife.
Difference between schools. Shafi'i and Hanbali: not legally obligatory. Maliki: obligatory according to custom for women who customarily do housework. Hanafi: required as a religious duty (diyanah) but not compelled by the court.
Surah an-Nisa' 4:19Sahih al-Bukhari 676
8May a wife work? Does she need her husband's permission?
A wife may work in lawful employment, and according to the Shafi'i school she needs her husband's permission because leaving the home involves the husband's right.
The general conditions are that the work is lawful, preserves modesty and etiquette, is safe, and does not seriously neglect responsibilities to the home and children. The husband should not prevent it without a reasonable cause, especially if the family needs that income. The couple may also make permission to work a condition agreed before or at the akad. The wife's income remains hers. See Rights of husband & wife and Maintenance.
The general conditions are that the work is lawful, preserves modesty and etiquette, is safe, and does not seriously neglect responsibilities to the home and children. The husband should not prevent it without a reasonable cause, especially if the family needs that income. The couple may also make permission to work a condition agreed before or at the akad. The wife's income remains hers. See Rights of husband & wife and Maintenance.
Difference between schools. The Hanbali school enforces conditions in the contract more strongly (for example a condition that she may work); if the husband breaches it, the wife has the right to choose judicial dissolution (fasakh).
Surah an-Nisa' 4:32Surah an-Nisa' 4:34Sahih al-Bukhari 893
9To what extent must a wife obey her husband?
A wife must obey her husband in what is right relating to marital rights, but not in sin or in what causes harm.
The Prophet ﷺ said there is no obedience in sin; obedience is only in what is right. So a wife may not follow instructions to abandon prayer, uncover her awrah in public, cut family ties or do what is forbidden. Obedience also does not mean the wife may not hold opinions; the Prophet's ﷺ own wives discussed matters with him and gave him their views. The husband in turn must lead justly and consult. See Rights of husband & wife.
The Prophet ﷺ said there is no obedience in sin; obedience is only in what is right. So a wife may not follow instructions to abandon prayer, uncover her awrah in public, cut family ties or do what is forbidden. Obedience also does not mean the wife may not hold opinions; the Prophet's ﷺ own wives discussed matters with him and gave him their views. The husband in turn must lead justly and consult. See Rights of husband & wife.
Surah an-Nisa' 4:34Sahih al-Bukhari 7257Sahih Muslim 1840Surah an-Nisa' 4:19
10Is a wife sinful for refusing her husband's invitation to intimacy?
A wife is sinful if she refuses without a Shariah-recognised excuse, but not sinful if she has a reasonable excuse.
The Prophet ﷺ said that if a husband calls his wife to bed and she refuses without reason so that he sleeps angry, the angels curse her (Sahih al-Bukhari 5193; Sahih Muslim 1436). Scholars understand this hadith in the context of there being no reason. Accepted excuses include menstruation and postnatal bleeding, illness, severe exhaustion, an obligatory fast during the day, depression or trauma, and physical or emotional harm.
Intimacy is a shared right, not a one-sided right — the Qur'an describes husband and wife as "garments" for one another (2:187) and commands living together in kindness (4:19). The husband is required to be gentle, understand his wife's condition and not force her. If refusals happen often, discuss the cause, including health or emotional issues, and seek advice. See Marital Etiquette.
The Prophet ﷺ said that if a husband calls his wife to bed and she refuses without reason so that he sleeps angry, the angels curse her (Sahih al-Bukhari 5193; Sahih Muslim 1436). Scholars understand this hadith in the context of there being no reason. Accepted excuses include menstruation and postnatal bleeding, illness, severe exhaustion, an obligatory fast during the day, depression or trauma, and physical or emotional harm.
Intimacy is a shared right, not a one-sided right — the Qur'an describes husband and wife as "garments" for one another (2:187) and commands living together in kindness (4:19). The husband is required to be gentle, understand his wife's condition and not force her. If refusals happen often, discuss the cause, including health or emotional issues, and seek advice. See Marital Etiquette.
Sahih al-Bukhari 5193Sahih Muslim 1436Surah al-Baqarah 2:187Surah an-Nisa' 4:19
11A husband neglects intimate maintenance — what is the ruling and what can the wife do?
A husband who deliberately neglects his wife's intimate needs (nafkah batin) without excuse has neglected her right and must repent and make amends.
The Prophet ﷺ reminded that a wife has rights over her husband, and the Qur'an limits an oath to abstain from one's wife (ila') to four months only. The wife is encouraged to speak frankly and kindly, get a medical check-up if there is a physical problem, and seek counselling. If it persists and causes harm, the wife may go to the Syariah Court; the absence of nafkah batin for a certain period can be a ground for fasakh under the state Enactment. See Etiquette between husband and wife.
The Prophet ﷺ reminded that a wife has rights over her husband, and the Qur'an limits an oath to abstain from one's wife (ila') to four months only. The wife is encouraged to speak frankly and kindly, get a medical check-up if there is a physical problem, and seek counselling. If it persists and causes harm, the wife may go to the Syariah Court; the absence of nafkah batin for a certain period can be a ground for fasakh under the state Enactment. See Etiquette between husband and wife.
Difference among the schools. Shafi'i: as a matter of court ruling the husband is obliged only once in the marriage, but religiously he is required to meet his wife's needs. Hanbali: obligatory at least once every four months. Maliki: obligatory to the extent of removing harm to the wife.
Surah al-Baqarah 2:226Surah an-Nisa' 4:19Narrated by al-Bukhari (the hadith 'your wife has a right over you')
12A husband works far away or abroad — how long may he leave his wife?
Tiada had tetap dalam nas, tetapi ramai ulama mengambil panduan sekitar empat hingga enam bulan, dan yang lebih lama memerlukan persetujuan isteri.
Panduan ini diambil daripada had ila' empat bulan dalam Al-Quran serta amalan Khalifah Umar yang dilaporkan mengehadkan tempoh tentera berjauhan daripada isteri. Nafkah zahir tetap wajib sepanjang suami berjauhan. Pasangan perlu berbincang dan bersetuju tentang tempoh, hubungan berkala serta keselamatan isteri. Jika ketiadaan suami yang lama menimbulkan mudarat dan nafkah terputus, isteri boleh merujuk Mahkamah Syariah. Lihat Hak suami & isteri.
Panduan ini diambil daripada had ila' empat bulan dalam Al-Quran serta amalan Khalifah Umar yang dilaporkan mengehadkan tempoh tentera berjauhan daripada isteri. Nafkah zahir tetap wajib sepanjang suami berjauhan. Pasangan perlu berbincang dan bersetuju tentang tempoh, hubungan berkala serta keselamatan isteri. Jika ketiadaan suami yang lama menimbulkan mudarat dan nafkah terputus, isteri boleh merujuk Mahkamah Syariah. Lihat Hak suami & isteri.
Perbezaan mazhab. Hanbali secara jelas membenarkan isteri menuntut fasakh jika suami bermusafir melebihi enam bulan tanpa uzur dan enggan pulang selepas diminta; mazhab lain melihatnya dari sudut mudarat dan nafkah.
Surah al-Baqarah 2:226Surah an-Nisa' 4:19
13Must a husband provide a home of their own for his wife?
Ya, suami wajib menyediakan tempat tinggal yang layak dan privasi untuk isteri, sekurang-kurangnya ruang tersendiri yang tidak dikongsi dengan orang lain.
Allah memerintahkan agar isteri ditempatkan di tempat tinggal suami mengikut kemampuannya. Tempat tinggal tidak semestinya rumah milik sendiri; rumah sewa atau bilik dengan kemudahan berasingan memadai, asalkan selamat, sesuai dengan uruf dan memberi privasi. Isteri berhak menolak tinggal bersama ipar atau ahli keluarga lain yang menyebabkan mudarat atau kehilangan privasi. Bagi poligami, setiap isteri berhak atas kediaman berasingan. Lihat Nafkah.
Allah memerintahkan agar isteri ditempatkan di tempat tinggal suami mengikut kemampuannya. Tempat tinggal tidak semestinya rumah milik sendiri; rumah sewa atau bilik dengan kemudahan berasingan memadai, asalkan selamat, sesuai dengan uruf dan memberi privasi. Isteri berhak menolak tinggal bersama ipar atau ahli keluarga lain yang menyebabkan mudarat atau kehilangan privasi. Bagi poligami, setiap isteri berhak atas kediaman berasingan. Lihat Nafkah.
Surah at-Talaq 65:6Surah at-Talaq 65:7
14May a husband force his wife to live in the same house as his parents?
The husband cannot force her if she does not get proper space and privacy, but living with the in-laws is allowed if the wife agrees or her rights are protected.
The wife's right is to accommodation that gives her privacy and security. If the husband's family home provides her own room and facilities without harm, many scholars consider it sufficient. If there is pressure, conflict, or non-mahram brothers-in-law are often around, the wife is entitled to ask for separate accommodation. The husband must also balance his duty to his parents with his wife's rights. Discussing it early, before marriage, helps a great deal. See Rights of husband & wife.
The wife's right is to accommodation that gives her privacy and security. If the husband's family home provides her own room and facilities without harm, many scholars consider it sufficient. If there is pressure, conflict, or non-mahram brothers-in-law are often around, the wife is entitled to ask for separate accommodation. The husband must also balance his duty to his parents with his wife's rights. Discussing it early, before marriage, helps a great deal. See Rights of husband & wife.
Surah at-Talaq 65:6Sahih al-Bukhari 5232Sahih Muslim 2172
15Must a wife serve and look after her parents-in-law?
In terms of fiqh, caring for parents-in-law is not the wife's obligation, but being good to them is a noble trait that is strongly encouraged.
The duty of devotion to and support of parents in need lies on their child, that is, the husband. But parents-in-law are mahram and part of the wife's family; treating them well pleases the husband and strengthens family ties. The husband should not burden his wife with full-time care without her agreement or help. Care for the elderly is best shared with the husband's siblings. See Rights of husband & wife.
The duty of devotion to and support of parents in need lies on their child, that is, the husband. But parents-in-law are mahram and part of the wife's family; treating them well pleases the husband and strengthens family ties. The husband should not burden his wife with full-time care without her agreement or help. Care for the elderly is best shared with the husband's siblings. See Rights of husband & wife.
Surah al-Isra' 17:23-24Surah an-Nisa' 4:36Surah an-Nisa' 4:23
16Should a husband put his mother or his wife first?
Kedua-duanya mempunyai hak berbeza yang wajib ditunaikan: ibu berhak atas bakti dan penghormatan, isteri berhak atas nafkah dan layanan baik.
Berbakti kepada ibu bapa ialah perintah Allah yang besar, tetapi ia tidak membenarkan suami menzalimi isteri. Dalam urusan nafkah, mazhab Syafi'i mendahulukan nafkah isteri ke atas nafkah kaum kerabat kerana ia hak akibat perkahwinan yang tidak bergantung kepada keperluan. Dalam urusan ketaatan dan penghormatan, suami tetap wajib berbuat baik kepada ibunya. Yang dituntut ialah keseimbangan, bukan memilih salah satu. Lihat Hak suami & isteri.
Berbakti kepada ibu bapa ialah perintah Allah yang besar, tetapi ia tidak membenarkan suami menzalimi isteri. Dalam urusan nafkah, mazhab Syafi'i mendahulukan nafkah isteri ke atas nafkah kaum kerabat kerana ia hak akibat perkahwinan yang tidak bergantung kepada keperluan. Dalam urusan ketaatan dan penghormatan, suami tetap wajib berbuat baik kepada ibunya. Yang dituntut ialah keseimbangan, bukan memilih salah satu. Lihat Hak suami & isteri.
Surah al-Isra' 17:23-24Surah an-Nisa' 4:19Sahih Muslim 995
17A wife wants to visit her parents' home — does she need her husband's permission?
According to the Shafi'i school, a wife needs her husband's permission to leave the house, including to visit her parents, but the husband should not prevent it without reasonable cause.
Maintaining ties with parents is obligatory and cutting them is a major sin. So a husband who prevents his wife from visiting her parents without a Shariah-recognised reason has acted wrongly. If the parents are gravely ill or in need, many scholars hold that the wife may go even if the husband refuses. The best practice is early agreement on a visiting schedule and sharing Hari Raya turns fairly. See Rights of husband & wife.
Maintaining ties with parents is obligatory and cutting them is a major sin. So a husband who prevents his wife from visiting her parents without a Shariah-recognised reason has acted wrongly. If the parents are gravely ill or in need, many scholars hold that the wife may go even if the husband refuses. The best practice is early agreement on a visiting schedule and sharing Hari Raya turns fairly. See Rights of husband & wife.
Difference between schools. Hanafi: a wife is entitled to visit her parents once a week even without her husband's permission. Shafi'i and Hanbali: permission is needed, but it is disliked for the husband to prevent her.
Surah an-Nisa' 4:1Surah Muhammad 47:22-23Surah an-Nisa' 4:19
18May a wife give charity from her husband's property without his permission?
A wife may give a little charity from food or household items for which permission is customarily given, but may not spend her husband's property in large amounts without his permission.
The Prophet ﷺ said that when a wife spends from her household's food without wasting it, she has the reward for her spending and her husband has the reward for his earning (Sahih al-Bukhari 1425; Sahih Muslim 1024). Scholars understand this as customary permission ('urf) for small matters; if the husband clearly forbids it, or the amount is large, permission is needed.
The wife's own property — salary, mahr, inheritance — is hers, and she is free to give charity from it. If the husband is so miserly that basic needs are not met, the wife may take what she and the children need in a reasonable manner, as in the case of Hind bint 'Utbah (Sahih al-Bukhari 5364), but that is for maintenance, not charity. See Rights of Husband & Wife and Maintenance.
The Prophet ﷺ said that when a wife spends from her household's food without wasting it, she has the reward for her spending and her husband has the reward for his earning (Sahih al-Bukhari 1425; Sahih Muslim 1024). Scholars understand this as customary permission ('urf) for small matters; if the husband clearly forbids it, or the amount is large, permission is needed.
The wife's own property — salary, mahr, inheritance — is hers, and she is free to give charity from it. If the husband is so miserly that basic needs are not met, the wife may take what she and the children need in a reasonable manner, as in the case of Hind bint 'Utbah (Sahih al-Bukhari 5364), but that is for maintenance, not charity. See Rights of Husband & Wife and Maintenance.
Difference between schools. Majority: a wife is free to use her own property. Maliki: gifts exceeding one third of the wife's property require the husband's permission.
Sahih al-Bukhari 1425Sahih Muslim 1024Sahih al-Bukhari 5364
19Is a brother-in-law a mahram or not?
No; a brother-in-law is not a mahram for the wife, so modesty (awrah) and the limits of interaction must still be observed.
The Prophet ﷺ gave a stern warning about in-laws, saying that the in-law is death, because his close position in the family makes temptation easier. A wife may not be alone (khalwat) with her brother-in-law and must cover her awrah in front of him. The same applies to a husband with his sisters-in-law. This matters when living in the same house as the extended family. See Mahram.
The Prophet ﷺ gave a stern warning about in-laws, saying that the in-law is death, because his close position in the family makes temptation easier. A wife may not be alone (khalwat) with her brother-in-law and must cover her awrah in front of him. The same applies to a husband with his sisters-in-law. This matters when living in the same house as the extended family. See Mahram.
Sahih al-Bukhari 5232Sahih Muslim 2172Surah an-Nur 24:31
20What may and may not be done with one's wife during menstruation?
Intercourse during menstruation is forbidden, but affection without intercourse is permitted within limits.
Allah commands keeping away from wives during menstruation until they are pure. The Prophet ﷺ said: do everything except intercourse. The husband may sleep together, embrace, eat together and be affectionate. A menstruating wife is not impure and should not be shunned. Whoever slips must repent; some scholars recommend giving charity. See Marital etiquette.
Allah commands keeping away from wives during menstruation until they are pure. The Prophet ﷺ said: do everything except intercourse. The husband may sleep together, embrace, eat together and be affectionate. A menstruating wife is not impure and should not be shunned. Whoever slips must repent; some scholars recommend giving charity. See Marital etiquette.
Difference between schools. Shafi'i, Hanafi and Maliki: skin contact without a barrier between the navel and the knees is forbidden. Hanbali: only intercourse is forbidden; other contact is permitted.
Surah al-Baqarah 2:222Sahih Muslim 302
21Menstrual bleeding has stopped but the obligatory bath has not been taken — may we be intimate?
According to the Shafi'i school, no; the wife must first take the obligatory bath after menstrual bleeding stops.
Allah says not to approach wives until they are pure, and when they have purified themselves, then approach them. The majority of scholars understand 'purified themselves' here as the obligatory bath, not merely the bleeding stopping. If there is no water or there is an excuse from using water, tayammum replaces the bath. Hastening the obligatory bath after becoming pure is better for worship and for the marriage. See Marital etiquette.
Allah says not to approach wives until they are pure, and when they have purified themselves, then approach them. The majority of scholars understand 'purified themselves' here as the obligatory bath, not merely the bleeding stopping. If there is no water or there is an excuse from using water, tayammum replaces the bath. Hastening the obligatory bath after becoming pure is better for worship and for the marriage. See Marital etiquette.
Difference between schools. The Shafi'is, Malikis and Hanbalis require the bath. The Hanafis permit it if the bleeding stops after the maximum period of ten days; if earlier, a bath is needed or one prayer time must pass.
Surah al-Baqarah 2:222
22How long after childbirth may one be intimate with one's wife?
The ruling on postnatal bleeding is the same as menstruation: intercourse is forbidden until the postnatal bleeding stops and the wife takes the obligatory bath.
There is no minimum period of postnatal bleeding; if the bleeding stops early and the wife bathes, intercourse is legally permitted. However, a doctor's advice on recovery of the womb, stitches and the wife's emotional health must also be taken into account, because Islam forbids harming oneself. Many doctors advise waiting around six weeks or until the postnatal check-up. Also discuss family planning before resuming intimacy. See Marital etiquette.
There is no minimum period of postnatal bleeding; if the bleeding stops early and the wife bathes, intercourse is legally permitted. However, a doctor's advice on recovery of the womb, stitches and the wife's emotional health must also be taken into account, because Islam forbids harming oneself. Many doctors advise waiting around six weeks or until the postnatal check-up. Also discuss family planning before resuming intimacy. See Marital etiquette.
Difference between schools. Maximum period of postnatal bleeding: 60 days for the Shafi'is and Malikis, 40 days for the Hanafis and Hanbalis. Bleeding beyond that period is considered irregular bleeding (istihadah).
Surah al-Baqarah 2:222Surah al-Baqarah 2:195
23What is the ruling on anal intercourse between husband and wife?
It is forbidden; anal intercourse is strictly prohibited even with one's own wife and even with consent.
The Qur'an likens the wife to a tilth, a place for sowing seed, and permits the husband to approach her from any direction provided it is in the right place (the vagina). The occasion of this verse's revelation is explained in sahih hadith. There are also hadith cursing the act of approaching one's wife in her anus. Besides the sin, it can harm health. The wife has the right to refuse and is not sinful in refusing. See Marital etiquette.
The Qur'an likens the wife to a tilth, a place for sowing seed, and permits the husband to approach her from any direction provided it is in the right place (the vagina). The occasion of this verse's revelation is explained in sahih hadith. There are also hadith cursing the act of approaching one's wife in her anus. Besides the sin, it can harm health. The wife has the right to refuse and is not sinful in refusing. See Marital etiquette.
Surah al-Baqarah 2:223Sahih Muslim 1435Narrated by Abu Dawud (hasan)
24What are the etiquette and supplication before being intimate with one's wife?
It is recommended to recite the supplication taught by the Prophet ﷺ, to begin with affection, and to maintain cleanliness and privacy.
The supplication: Bismillah, Allahumma jannibnasy-syaitan wa jannibisy-syaitana ma razaqtana (In the name of Allah, O Allah, keep Satan away from us and keep Satan away from what You provide us). Other etiquette includes a good intention to preserve chastity and to have offspring, being affectionate first, considering your spouse's feelings, being in a private place, and performing wudu' if you wish to repeat. See Marital etiquette.
The supplication: Bismillah, Allahumma jannibnasy-syaitan wa jannibisy-syaitana ma razaqtana (In the name of Allah, O Allah, keep Satan away from us and keep Satan away from what You provide us). Other etiquette includes a good intention to preserve chastity and to have offspring, being affectionate first, considering your spouse's feelings, being in a private place, and performing wudu' if you wish to repeat. See Marital etiquette.
Sahih al-Bukhari 141Sahih Muslim 1434Sahih Muslim 308Surah al-Baqarah 2:223
25May husband and wife look at each other's awrah?
Boleh; tiada aurat antara suami dan isteri, dan melihat seluruh tubuh pasangan adalah halal.
Nabi ﷺ bersabda: jagalah auratmu kecuali daripada isterimu atau hamba milikmu. Aisyah RA juga meriwayatkan bahawa beliau mandi bersama Nabi ﷺ daripada satu bekas. Walau bagaimanapun, adab malu dan kesopanan tetap digalakkan, dan pasangan perlu menghormati keselesaan masing-masing. Batasannya ialah tidak mendedahkan aurat atau perkara intim kepada orang lain, termasuk melalui gambar atau video. Lihat Adab suami isteri.
Nabi ﷺ bersabda: jagalah auratmu kecuali daripada isterimu atau hamba milikmu. Aisyah RA juga meriwayatkan bahawa beliau mandi bersama Nabi ﷺ daripada satu bekas. Walau bagaimanapun, adab malu dan kesopanan tetap digalakkan, dan pasangan perlu menghormati keselesaan masing-masing. Batasannya ialah tidak mendedahkan aurat atau perkara intim kepada orang lain, termasuk melalui gambar atau video. Lihat Adab suami isteri.
Perbezaan mazhab. Sesetengah ulama Syafi'i menganggap makruh melihat kemaluan pasangan, berasaskan riwayat yang lemah; jumhur tidak mengharamkannya.
Sunan Abu Dawud 4017 (hasan)Riwayat al-Bukhari dan Muslim (Aisyah mandi bersama Nabi ﷺ)
26What is the ruling on intimacy with one's wife during the day in Ramadan?
It is forbidden and breaks the fast; the one who does it must make up the fast, repent and pay a heavy expiation (kaffarah).
Marital intimacy is permitted only on the nights of Ramadan. A man who deliberately has intercourse during the day in Ramadan incurs expiation: freeing a slave; if unable, fasting two consecutive months; if unable, feeding 60 poor people. Foreplay that causes ejaculation also breaks the fast but without expiation according to the Shafi'is. A wife who was forced is not sinful. See Marital etiquette.
Marital intimacy is permitted only on the nights of Ramadan. A man who deliberately has intercourse during the day in Ramadan incurs expiation: freeing a slave; if unable, fasting two consecutive months; if unable, feeding 60 poor people. Foreplay that causes ejaculation also breaks the fast but without expiation according to the Shafi'is. A wife who was forced is not sinful. See Marital etiquette.
Difference between schools. Shafi'i: the expiation (kaffarah) is on the husband only. Hanafi and Maliki: a willing wife must also pay expiation. Hanbali: there are two narrations on expiation for a willing wife.
Surah al-Baqarah 2:187Sahih al-Bukhari 1936Sahih Muslim 1111
27Is it true that intimacy with one's wife is recommended on Thursday night?
Tiada hadis sahih yang secara khusus menyuruh bersama pada malam Jumaat; ia hanyalah tafsiran sesetengah ulama.
Pandangan ini datang daripada hadis tentang kelebihan mandi pada hari Jumaat, yang sebahagian ulama tafsirkan sebagai isyarat kepada hubungan suami isteri. Namun ia tafsiran, bukan suruhan jelas. Begitu juga dakwaan bahawa bersama pada malam tertentu menyebabkan anak cacat tidak mempunyai asas yang sahih. Prinsipnya, hubungan halal bila-bila masa kecuali ketika haid, nifas, puasa wajib siang hari, ihram dan iktikaf. Lihat Adab suami isteri.
Pandangan ini datang daripada hadis tentang kelebihan mandi pada hari Jumaat, yang sebahagian ulama tafsirkan sebagai isyarat kepada hubungan suami isteri. Namun ia tafsiran, bukan suruhan jelas. Begitu juga dakwaan bahawa bersama pada malam tertentu menyebabkan anak cacat tidak mempunyai asas yang sahih. Prinsipnya, hubungan halal bila-bila masa kecuali ketika haid, nifas, puasa wajib siang hari, ihram dan iktikaf. Lihat Adab suami isteri.
Surah al-Baqarah 2:223Surah al-Baqarah 2:187Surah al-Baqarah 2:197
28May one sleep in a state of janabah after intimacy?
Yes, but it is sunnah to perform wudu' first and to take the obligatory bath before the prayer time begins.
The Prophet ﷺ slept in a state of janabah after performing wudu' like the wudu' for prayer, as narrated in authentic hadith. The obligatory bath is required after intercourse even without ejaculation. What matters is not delaying the bath until a prayer time is missed. If one wishes to be intimate again, it is sunnah to perform wudu' in between. See Etiquette between husband and wife.
The Prophet ﷺ slept in a state of janabah after performing wudu' like the wudu' for prayer, as narrated in authentic hadith. The obligatory bath is required after intercourse even without ejaculation. What matters is not delaying the bath until a prayer time is missed. If one wishes to be intimate again, it is sunnah to perform wudu' in between. See Etiquette between husband and wife.
Sahih al-Bukhari 291Sahih Muslim 348Sahih Muslim 308Narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim (sleeping in a state of janabah after wudu')
29Is it sinful to tell friends or social media about bedroom matters?
Ya, berdosa besar; menyebarkan rahsia hubungan intim suami isteri dilarang keras.
Nabi ﷺ bersabda bahawa antara manusia paling buruk kedudukannya di sisi Allah pada hari kiamat ialah lelaki yang bersama isterinya, kemudian dia menyebarkan rahsia isterinya. Larangan ini terpakai kepada suami dan isteri. Termasuk dalam larangan ini ialah bercerita kepada rakan, berkongsi di media sosial atau kumpulan sembang. Pengecualian ialah perbincangan tertutup dengan doktor, kaunselor atau mahkamah untuk mencari penyelesaian. Lihat Adab suami isteri.
Nabi ﷺ bersabda bahawa antara manusia paling buruk kedudukannya di sisi Allah pada hari kiamat ialah lelaki yang bersama isterinya, kemudian dia menyebarkan rahsia isterinya. Larangan ini terpakai kepada suami dan isteri. Termasuk dalam larangan ini ialah bercerita kepada rakan, berkongsi di media sosial atau kumpulan sembang. Pengecualian ialah perbincangan tertutup dengan doktor, kaunselor atau mahkamah untuk mencari penyelesaian. Lihat Adab suami isteri.
Sahih Muslim 1437Surah al-Baqarah 2:187
30May a husband force his wife into intimacy even when she is ill or unwilling?
No; forcing her with violence or while she is unwell contradicts the command to live together in kindness, and may even be a criminal offence.
The Qur'an describes husband and wife as garments for one another and calls for love and compassion. A wife who is ill or has a valid excuse commits no sin in refusing. In Malaysia, the Penal Code makes it an offence for a husband to cause hurt or use threats in order to have intercourse with his wife. A wife who suffers violence can obtain a protection order and counselling support. See Counselling and Etiquette between husband and wife.
The Qur'an describes husband and wife as garments for one another and calls for love and compassion. A wife who is ill or has a valid excuse commits no sin in refusing. In Malaysia, the Penal Code makes it an offence for a husband to cause hurt or use threats in order to have intercourse with his wife. A wife who suffers violence can obtain a protection order and counselling support. See Counselling and Etiquette between husband and wife.
Surah an-Nisa' 4:19Surah ar-Rum 30:21Surah al-Baqarah 2:187Penal Code, s.375A
31What is the ruling on family planning or taking contraceptive pills?
Family planning by temporary methods such as the pill, injections or an IUD is permissible, with mutual consent and without harm.
Its basis is the practice of ʿazl in the Prophet's ﷺ time, which was not forbidden. Accepted purposes include spacing births, protecting the mother's health and ensuring children can be raised well. But it must not be driven solely by fear of poverty or by an absolute rejection of offspring. Seek a doctor's advice to choose a safe method. Also refer to your state's fatwa. See Fertility & IVF.
Its basis is the practice of ʿazl in the Prophet's ﷺ time, which was not forbidden. Accepted purposes include spacing births, protecting the mother's health and ensuring children can be raised well. But it must not be driven solely by fear of poverty or by an absolute rejection of offspring. Seek a doctor's advice to choose a safe method. Also refer to your state's fatwa. See Fertility & IVF.
Sahih Muslim 1440Surah al-Baqarah 2:233Muzakarah of the National Fatwa Committee (family planning)
32What is the ruling on ʿazl (withdrawal)? Is the wife's permission needed?
ʿAzl is permitted, but preferably with the wife's agreement, because the wife also has a right to offspring and to satisfaction.
Jabir RA said: we practised ʿazl while the Qur'an was still being revealed, and the Prophet ﷺ did not forbid it. However, he reminded that if Allah wills a soul to be created, it will come into being regardless. This method is not fully effective in preventing pregnancy. The couple should discuss family planning openly. See Fertility & IVF.
Jabir RA said: we practised ʿazl while the Qur'an was still being revealed, and the Prophet ﷺ did not forbid it. However, he reminded that if Allah wills a soul to be created, it will come into being regardless. This method is not fully effective in preventing pregnancy. The couple should discuss family planning openly. See Fertility & IVF.
Difference between schools. Hanafi and Hanbali: the permission of a free wife is required. Maliki: the wife's permission is needed. Shafi'i (the sounder view): permissible without permission but disliked.
Sahih Muslim 1440
33What is the ruling on tubal ligation or vasectomy?
Permanent sterilisation such as tubal ligation or vasectomy is in principle forbidden, except for a medical need confirmed by a specialist doctor.
This is because it permanently removes the capacity for offspring without need, whereas preserving lineage is among the objectives of the Shariah. Permitted situations include when a further pregnancy could endanger the mother's life or health, based on medical confirmation. The decision should be made jointly by husband and wife. Refer to your state's fatwa and a religious officer if you are in this situation. See Fertility & IVF.
This is because it permanently removes the capacity for offspring without need, whereas preserving lineage is among the objectives of the Shariah. Permitted situations include when a further pregnancy could endanger the mother's life or health, based on medical confirmation. The decision should be made jointly by husband and wife. Refer to your state's fatwa and a religious officer if you are in this situation. See Fertility & IVF.
Surah al-Baqarah 2:195Muzakarah of the National Fatwa Committee (sterilisation)
34What is the ruling on IVF in Islam?
IVF is permissible if it uses the husband's sperm and the lawful wife's ovum, and the embryo is placed in that same wife's womb while the marriage still subsists.
This is the position of the national fatwa and of most fatwa bodies in the Muslim world. It is forbidden if it involves a third party, such as a sperm donor, an egg donor or another woman's womb, because it mixes lineage. The procedure may also not be carried out after divorce or the husband's death. Choose a medical centre that follows Shariah guidelines. See Fertility & IVF.
This is the position of the national fatwa and of most fatwa bodies in the Muslim world. It is forbidden if it involves a third party, such as a sperm donor, an egg donor or another woman's womb, because it mixes lineage. The procedure may also not be carried out after divorce or the husband's death. Choose a medical centre that follows Shariah guidelines. See Fertility & IVF.
Surah al-Ahzab 33:5Surah ash-Shura 42:49-50Muzakarah of the National Fatwa Committee (IVF)
35Is surrogacy permitted in Islam?
No; using another woman's womb to carry the couple's embryo is forbidden according to the national fatwa and the majority of contemporary scholars.
It confuses lineage and creates disputes over who the real mother is, whereas the Qur'an links motherhood to the woman who gives birth. Even if the embryo is from a lawfully married couple, placing it in another woman's womb brings a third party into what is lawful only between husband and wife. Couples facing womb problems can seek other treatment and the advice of a religious officer. See Fertility & IVF.
It confuses lineage and creates disputes over who the real mother is, whereas the Qur'an links motherhood to the woman who gives birth. Even if the embryo is from a lawfully married couple, placing it in another woman's womb brings a third party into what is lawful only between husband and wife. Couples facing womb problems can seek other treatment and the advice of a religious officer. See Fertility & IVF.
Surah al-Mujadilah 58:2Surah al-Ahzab 33:5Muzakarah of the National Fatwa Committee (surrogate mothers)
36Married a long time but no children — whose fault is it?
No one should be blamed; children are a gift from Allah, and fertility problems can occur in men or women.
Allah says that He grants daughters, sons, or both to whom He wills, and makes barren whom He wills. The practical step is a joint fertility check-up at a clinic, because male causes are also common. Keep making du'a, including the du'a of Prophet Zakariya. Avoid blaming the wife or pressure from family. If a wish for polygyny arises for the sake of children, it must be discussed honestly with the wife, after joint treatment has been tried, and with care for the wife's feelings and rights. See Fertility & IVF and Counselling.
Allah says that He grants daughters, sons, or both to whom He wills, and makes barren whom He wills. The practical step is a joint fertility check-up at a clinic, because male causes are also common. Keep making du'a, including the du'a of Prophet Zakariya. Avoid blaming the wife or pressure from family. If a wish for polygyny arises for the sake of children, it must be discussed honestly with the wife, after joint treatment has been tried, and with care for the wife's feelings and rights. See Fertility & IVF and Counselling.
Surah ash-Shura 42:49-50Surah Al 'Imran 3:38Surah al-Furqan 25:74
37Must a wife breastfeed her child?
According to the Shafi'i school, a wife is not legally obliged to breastfeed except for the first milk (colostrum) or where there is no alternative, but breastfeeding is greatly encouraged.
Allah mentions that the complete breastfeeding period is two years, and the father must bear the needs of the breastfeeding mother. If the baby will not accept other milk or there is no carer, the mother must breastfeed to save the baby. Breastfeeding brings great benefits to child and mother. The husband should support his wife with help, rest and nutrition. See Children.
Allah mentions that the complete breastfeeding period is two years, and the father must bear the needs of the breastfeeding mother. If the baby will not accept other milk or there is no carer, the mother must breastfeed to save the baby. Breastfeeding brings great benefits to child and mother. The husband should support his wife with help, rest and nutrition. See Children.
Difference between schools. Maliki: obligatory upon a wife still within the marriage according to custom, except for women of high status who customarily do not breastfeed. Hanafi: obligatory as a religious duty (diyanah) but not compelled by the court.
Surah al-Baqarah 2:233Surah at-Talaq 65:6
38May a husband take or sell his wife's gold and mahr?
Not without the wife's free consent; the mahr and the wife's jewellery are entirely her property.
The Qur'an commands that the mahr be given to the wife as a gift, and the husband may only enjoy it if she gives it to him willingly. Taking it without permission is wrongful dealing with another's property. If the wife lends her gold, for example to be pawned, it becomes a debt the husband must repay. It is best recorded in writing. See Mahr and Rights of husband & wife.
The Qur'an commands that the mahr be given to the wife as a gift, and the husband may only enjoy it if she gives it to him willingly. Taking it without permission is wrongful dealing with another's property. If the wife lends her gold, for example to be pawned, it becomes a debt the husband must repay. It is best recorded in writing. See Mahr and Rights of husband & wife.
Surah an-Nisa' 4:4Surah an-Nisa' 4:20Surah an-Nisa' 4:29
39A wife who bears the household expenses — can she claim them back from her husband?
Yes, if the wife spent the money without the intention of charity, because maintenance the husband fails to provide becomes a debt upon him.
If the wife pays for her own needs that the husband should have borne, it can be claimed as maintenance arrears. If the wife intended to contribute voluntarily, it counts as charity and reward, not a debt. So it is important to be open from the start and to keep records. A claim can be made at the Syariah Court. See Maintenance and Procedures.
If the wife pays for her own needs that the husband should have borne, it can be claimed as maintenance arrears. If the wife intended to contribute voluntarily, it counts as charity and reward, not a debt. So it is important to be open from the start and to keep records. A claim can be made at the Syariah Court. See Maintenance and Procedures.
Difference between schools. The majority regard a wife's arrears of maintenance as a debt that does not lapse. The Hanafis make it a debt only once set by a judge or agreed.
Surah at-Talaq 65:7Sahih al-Bukhari 5364State Islamic Family Law Enactment
40A house bought together, with instalments also paid by the wife — whose house is it?
Ownership depends on the names on the title and the agreement between husband and wife, and the wife's contribution can be claimed as jointly acquired matrimonial property (harta sepencarian).
If the house is in joint names, both are owners according to the agreed shares. If it is in the husband's name but the wife contributed to the payments, that contribution is taken into account on divorce or death through a claim for jointly acquired matrimonial property. It is best to make a written agreement on each party's share and consider a hibah for protection. See Rights of husband & wife and Faraid.
If the house is in joint names, both are owners according to the agreed shares. If it is in the husband's name but the wife contributed to the payments, that contribution is taken into account on divorce or death through a claim for jointly acquired matrimonial property. It is best to make a written agreement on each party's share and consider a hibah for protection. See Rights of husband & wife and Faraid.
Surah an-Nisa' 4:32Act 303, s.122
41Does a wife need her husband's permission for voluntary fasts?
Yes, if the husband is at home, the wife needs his permission for voluntary fasting, but not for the obligatory Ramadan fast.
The Prophet ﷺ said that it is not lawful for a woman to fast while her husband is present except with his permission. This is because a voluntary fast may get in the way of the husband's rights during the day. If the husband is travelling or away, permission is not needed. For making up missed Ramadan fasts, the wife may fast, but if there is still plenty of time, it is good to discuss a suitable time. See Rights of husband & wife.
The Prophet ﷺ said that it is not lawful for a woman to fast while her husband is present except with his permission. This is because a voluntary fast may get in the way of the husband's rights during the day. If the husband is travelling or away, permission is not needed. For making up missed Ramadan fasts, the wife may fast, but if there is still plenty of time, it is good to discuss a suitable time. See Rights of husband & wife.
Sahih al-Bukhari 5195Sahih Muslim 1026
42A husband forbids his wife to wear the headscarf or tells her to abandon prayer — must she obey?
Tidak perlu ikut; tiada ketaatan kepada makhluk dalam perkara maksiat kepada Allah.
Ketaatan isteri kepada suami hanya dalam perkara makruf. Menutup aurat di hadapan bukan mahram dan menunaikan solat adalah kewajipan individu yang tidak boleh dibatalkan oleh arahan sesiapa. Isteri hendaklah menolak dengan cara yang baik dan tegas. Suami yang memaksa isteri melakukan maksiat telah mengkhianati amanah kepimpinannya. Jika tekanan berterusan, dapatkan kaunseling di pejabat agama. Lihat Hak suami & isteri.
Ketaatan isteri kepada suami hanya dalam perkara makruf. Menutup aurat di hadapan bukan mahram dan menunaikan solat adalah kewajipan individu yang tidak boleh dibatalkan oleh arahan sesiapa. Isteri hendaklah menolak dengan cara yang baik dan tegas. Suami yang memaksa isteri melakukan maksiat telah mengkhianati amanah kepimpinannya. Jika tekanan berterusan, dapatkan kaunseling di pejabat agama. Lihat Hak suami & isteri.
Sahih al-Bukhari 7257Sahih Muslim 1840Surah an-Nur 24:31Surah Luqman 31:15
43Is a husband responsible for teaching his wife religion?
Yes, the husband is responsible for ensuring that his wife and family know the basics of religion and fulfil their obligations.
Allah commands the believers to protect themselves and their families from the Fire, and tells the family to establish prayer. If the husband cannot teach her himself, he must give his wife the room and means to learn, such as classes on personal religious obligation (fardu ain). Teaching must be done with wisdom, not coercion or humiliation. See Rights of husband & wife.
Allah commands the believers to protect themselves and their families from the Fire, and tells the family to establish prayer. If the husband cannot teach her himself, he must give his wife the room and means to learn, such as classes on personal religious obligation (fardu ain). Teaching must be done with wisdom, not coercion or humiliation. See Rights of husband & wife.
Surah at-Tahrim 66:6Surah Taha 20:132Sahih al-Bukhari 893
44Should a husband help with housework and childcare?
Yes, helping with housework is a sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ and a sign of a husband's good character.
Aisha RA was asked what the Prophet ﷺ did at home, and she answered that he was always helping his family; when the time for prayer came, he would go out to pray. He also sewed his own clothes and mended his own sandals. The Prophet ﷺ said the best of people are those who are best to their families. All the more so when the wife also works, a fair division of tasks is what kindness requires. See Rights of husband & wife.
Aisha RA was asked what the Prophet ﷺ did at home, and she answered that he was always helping his family; when the time for prayer came, he would go out to pray. He also sewed his own clothes and mended his own sandals. The Prophet ﷺ said the best of people are those who are best to their families. All the more so when the wife also works, a fair division of tasks is what kindness requires. See Rights of husband & wife.
Sahih al-Bukhari 676Jami' at-Tirmidhi 3895 (sahih)Surah an-Nisa' 4:19
45Must the husband bear his wife's medical and childbirth costs?
Menurut amalan dan pandangan ulama semasa, kos rawatan asas dan bersalin wajar ditanggung suami sebagai sebahagian nafkah, walaupun ulama klasik berbeza pendapat.
Ulama mazhab Syafi'i klasik tidak memasukkan ubat dan bayaran doktor dalam nafkah wajib. Namun ramai ulama semasa berpendapat bahawa rawatan kini termasuk keperluan asas mengikut uruf, terutamanya kos bersalin. Nafkah juga diukur dengan kemampuan suami. Pertimbangkan insurans atau takaful keluarga untuk mengurangkan beban. Lihat Nafkah dan Hak suami & isteri.
Ulama mazhab Syafi'i klasik tidak memasukkan ubat dan bayaran doktor dalam nafkah wajib. Namun ramai ulama semasa berpendapat bahawa rawatan kini termasuk keperluan asas mengikut uruf, terutamanya kos bersalin. Nafkah juga diukur dengan kemampuan suami. Pertimbangkan insurans atau takaful keluarga untuk mengurangkan beban. Lihat Nafkah dan Hak suami & isteri.
Perbezaan mazhab. Keempat-empat mazhab secara klasik tidak mewajibkan kos ubat dan doktor sebagai nafkah; banyak ulama dan badan fatwa semasa memasukkannya atas dasar uruf.
Surah al-Baqarah 2:233Surah at-Talaq 65:7Sahih al-Bukhari 5364
46Is a wife sinful for leaving the house without her husband's permission?
According to the Shafi'i school, a wife needs her husband's permission to leave the house, except in an emergency or a Shariah-recognised need.
Permitted needs include obtaining emergency treatment, escaping danger, seeking personal religious obligation (fardu ain) knowledge that the husband does not teach, or going to court to claim her rights. Permission need not be asked every time; general permission, such as for going to work or shopping, is enough. The husband in turn may not prevent her without reasonable cause. The Prophet ﷺ also forbade husbands from preventing their wives from going to the mosque. See Rights of husband & wife.
Permitted needs include obtaining emergency treatment, escaping danger, seeking personal religious obligation (fardu ain) knowledge that the husband does not teach, or going to court to claim her rights. Permission need not be asked every time; general permission, such as for going to work or shopping, is enough. The husband in turn may not prevent her without reasonable cause. The Prophet ﷺ also forbade husbands from preventing their wives from going to the mosque. See Rights of husband & wife.
Sahih al-Bukhari 5238Sahih Muslim 442Surah an-Nisa' 4:34
47The wife has a large salary — must the husband still provide maintenance?
Yes, a wife's maintenance remains obligatory on the husband even if she is wealthy or earns more.
The duty of maintenance arises from marriage, not from the wife being poor. Allah places the responsibility of providing maintenance on men as part of their leadership. A wife may voluntarily waive part of her right or help her husband, but that is her choice and kindness, not an obligation. Maintenance given by a husband also counts as charity and earns reward, even the morsel he places in his wife's mouth. See Maintenance (nafkah).
The duty of maintenance arises from marriage, not from the wife being poor. Allah places the responsibility of providing maintenance on men as part of their leadership. A wife may voluntarily waive part of her right or help her husband, but that is her choice and kindness, not an obligation. Maintenance given by a husband also counts as charity and earns reward, even the morsel he places in his wife's mouth. See Maintenance (nafkah).
Surah an-Nisa' 4:34Sahih al-Bukhari 56Surah at-Talaq 65:7
48Does a wife's maintenance lapse if she is nushuz?
Yes, according to the Shafi'i school and the majority, a wife's maintenance lapses for as long as her nushuz (marital defiance) is established, and resumes when she becomes obedient again.
Nushuz means a wife's defiance of her husband's rights without a valid Syariah reason, such as leaving home without cause or refusing to live together. Refusal because she is being wronged, is not given maintenance or her safety is threatened is not nushuz. Child maintenance does not lapse. A disputed finding of nushuz is made by the Syariah Court, not by one party's claim. See Nushuz & conflict and Counselling.
Nushuz means a wife's defiance of her husband's rights without a valid Syariah reason, such as leaving home without cause or refusing to live together. Refusal because she is being wronged, is not given maintenance or her safety is threatened is not nushuz. Child maintenance does not lapse. A disputed finding of nushuz is made by the Syariah Court, not by one party's claim. See Nushuz & conflict and Counselling.
Surah an-Nisa' 4:34State Islamic Family Law Enactment
49How should a wife be treated according to the sunnah of the Prophet?
The sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ shows gentle treatment, joking, showing appreciation, being patient with shortcomings and spending time together.
He raced Aisyah RA, ate with his wives, helped with housework and called his wives by affectionate names. He urged kindness to women, and forbade a husband from hating his wife for one shortcoming, since there is surely another trait he likes. Among the obligations too are not striking the face, not insulting, and providing food and clothing as he provides for himself. See Rights of husband & wife.
He raced Aisyah RA, ate with his wives, helped with housework and called his wives by affectionate names. He urged kindness to women, and forbade a husband from hating his wife for one shortcoming, since there is surely another trait he likes. Among the obligations too are not striking the face, not insulting, and providing food and clothing as he provides for himself. See Rights of husband & wife.
Sahih Muslim 1469Sahih al-Bukhari 5186Sahih Muslim 1468Sunan Abu Dawud 2142 (hasan)
50Is foreplay before intimacy encouraged in Islam?
Yes, affection and playfulness before intimacy are encouraged so that both spouses are ready and experience happiness.
The Prophet ﷺ asked Jabir RA why he had not married a young maiden so that they could play and be affectionate with one another. Intimacy is worship when done with a good intention, and the Qur'an reminds husbands to 'send forth' good for themselves. The husband must also ensure his wife reaches satisfaction too, as that is part of intimate maintenance and care. See Marital etiquette.
The Prophet ﷺ asked Jabir RA why he had not married a young maiden so that they could play and be affectionate with one another. Intimacy is worship when done with a good intention, and the Qur'an reminds husbands to 'send forth' good for themselves. The husband must also ensure his wife reaches satisfaction too, as that is part of intimate maintenance and care. See Marital etiquette.
Surah al-Baqarah 2:223Narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim (hadith of Jabir)Sahih Muslim 1006
Comments or feedback
Dibaca oleh pentadbir MYPolygyny dan tidak diterbitkan. Jangan sertakan maklumat peribadi yang sensitif. Notis privasi.
About Us · Ask · Site Map · Privacy · Editorial policy · Updated: 5 Oct 2026 · Disclaimer