Conditions of marriage & conditions of polygyny
Four conditions — all of them, not just one
Mahkamah Syariah memberi kebenaran hanya jika berpuas hati dengan keempat-empat perkara ini. Satu gagal, permohonan gagal.
- 1Patut atau perluPerkahwinan yang dicadangkan itu patut atau perlu, memandang kepada keadaan seperti, antara lain, kemandulan, keuzuran jasmani, tidak layak dari segi jasmani untuk persetubuhan, sengaja ingkar mematuhi perintah untuk pemulihan hak-hak persetubuhan, atau gila di pihak isteri yang sedia ada.
- 2Financial abilityThe applicant has the means, as required by Hukum Syarak, to support all his wives and dependants, including persons who would become his dependants as a result of the proposed marriage.
- 3Ability to treat wives equallyThe applicant is able to accord equal treatment to all his wives as required by Hukum Syarak.
- 4No darar syarie (harm)The proposed marriage will not cause darar syarie (harm) to the existing wife — with regard to religion, life, body, mind, or property.
Valid under Sharia ≠ permitted under the law
A marriage can be valid under Sharia and at the same time be an offence under a state enactment. Both questions must be answered, and the answers may differ.
Pillars of marriage · Islamic Family Law EnactmentLima rukun nikah — tanpa satu, akad tidak sah
- 1Pengantin lelaki — Islam, bukan mahram, bukan dalam ihram, dengan kerelaan sendiri.
- 2Pengantin perempuan — Bukan isteri atau dalam idah orang lain, bukan mahram, tertentu orangnya.
- 3Wali — Wali nasab mengikut susunan; wali hakim jika tiada, enggan atau ghaib.
- 4Dua orang saksi — Dua lelaki Islam yang adil, berakal, baligh, mendengar sendiri lafaz akad.
- 5Ijab dan qabul — Lafaz bersambung, jelas, tanpa syarat yang membatalkan, didengari saksi.
Sah di sisi syarak ≠ dibenarkan di sisi undang-undang
Islam mengharuskan; undang-undang Malaysia mengawal selia.
- Tidak melebihi empat
- Mampu berlaku adil dalam perkara yang boleh dikawal
- Mampu menanggung nafkah setiap isteri dan tanggungan
- Wanita itu halal dinikahi
- Patut dan perlu
- Kemampuan kewangan
- Keupayaan berlaku adil
- Tiada darar syarie
- Kebenaran sebelum akad
A · Pillars of marriage (rukun nikah) — five elements
Tanpa mana-mana satu daripada lima ini, akad itu tidak sah. Ini kedudukan mazhab Syafi'i yang diamalkan di Malaysia.
1 · The groom
Muslim, not a mahram of the bride, not in ihram, and acting of his own free will.
2 · The bride
Muslim (or of the People of the Book according to certain views), not the wife of another nor in another's iddah (waiting period), not a mahram, and specifically identified.
3 · Wali (guardian)
Wali nasab mengikut susunan; wali hakim jika wali nasab tiada, enggan, atau ghaib. Nikah tanpa wali tidak sah di sisi mazhab Syafi'i.
4 · Two witnesses
Two just Muslim men, of sound mind, adult, who personally hear the words of the akad.
5 · Ijab and qabul (offer and acceptance)
Words spoken continuously, clearly, without any invalidating condition, and heard by the witnesses.
B · Conditions of polygyny in Islam
فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا۟ فَوَٰحِدَةً
"Kemudian jika kamu bimbang tidak akan berlaku adil, maka seorang sahaja." — an-Nisa' 4:3
No more than four
A clear limit in the same verse.
Able to be just
In matters within one's control: maintenance, housing, turns for spending the night, treatment.
Able to provide maintenance
For every wife and every dependant, not just the new one.
The woman is lawful to marry
Not a mahram, not in iddah, and not a sister of an existing wife (taken together).
C · Conditions of polygyny according to the court
Islam permits; Malaysian law regulates. Syariah Court permission is required before the akad. The court must be satisfied on all four of these points:
| Condition | What the court assesses |
|---|---|
| 1. Patut atau perlu | Perkahwinan yang dicadangkan itu patut atau perlu, memandang kepada keadaan seperti, antara lain, kemandulan, keuzuran jasmani, tidak layak dari segi jasmani untuk persetubuhan, sengaja ingkar mematuhi perintah untuk pemulihan hak-hak persetubuhan, atau gila di pihak isteri yang sedia ada. |
| 2. Financial ability | The applicant has the means, as required by Hukum Syarak, to support all his wives and dependants, including persons who would become his dependants as a result of the proposed marriage. |
| 3. Ability to treat wives equally | The applicant is able to accord equal treatment to all his wives as required by Hukum Syarak. |
| 4. No darar syarie (harm) | The proposed marriage will not cause darar syarie (harm) to the existing wife — with regard to religion, life, body, mind, or property. |
D · Differences between states
The same in every state
The four conditions above, the requirement for court permission before the akad, and the summons to the existing wife to be heard.
Varies by state
Form codes, fees, waiting periods, court practice, and any additional supporting documents directed.
Stricter practice in some states
Beberapa negeri lebih ketat dalam menilai "patut atau perlu" dan dalam kehadiran isteri sedia ada.
Appeals
The court's decision may be appealed. Appeal procedures and time limits vary by state.
See the list of enactments for each state →
Comments or feedback
Dibaca oleh pentadbir MYPolygyny dan tidak diterbitkan. Jangan sertakan maklumat peribadi yang sensitif. Notis privasi.
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